Ethics Game Simulation Essay Example for Free

Morals Game Simulation Essay In reproduction game, two problems were introduced. The primary case is happened to a 16-year-old mother, RB. She is in her tenth hour of work. Her folks are at bedside with her. In light of strict conviction, they have decided to confine the measure of medicine and other clinical help. Because of the length of her work, her unborn child’s circumstance is deteriorating. RB has not gotten any medicine up until this point. As a result of her dread and misery, fetal pain has been expanding step by step. RB’s sibling expressed that their folks need the staff hold the painkiller and treatment since they rebuff her for getting pregnant before she was hitched. RB is as yet a minor, her folks are educated regarding her wellbeing status, however we are uncertain about whether or not they see how perilous her circumstance could get. In the subsequent case, one of the ICU persistent, AT, was brought to the medical clinic by his household accomplice, YM. YM was went with him while them two were in the ER, however he was not permitted to visit his accomplice in the ICU. The move director nurture expressed she would adhere to the principles and permit real relatives visit the patient. AT has been oblivious for one day and no complete analysis has been reached. He was in basic condition and can't settle on choice without anyone else. There is no related data on patient’s document whether favor or decline the current treatment. So as to address morally, I should be mindful. So I need to distinguish the genuine quandary first. In the primary case, the adolescent and her unborn kid need clinical consideration however her folks are the lawful gatekeeper that have lawful duty regarding her consideration. Presently I have as of now the issue, the following stage is to be clever. I have to utilize my basic intuition ability to assess the realities. Additionally, I have to consider my commitment to my patient and how my choice influences every individual associated with this case. Consequently, the choice should be reasonable, satisfy my obligation, an d sensible. I need to guarantee that the patient and her unborn youngster get proper clinical consideration, her parents’ wishes are being regarded, and I will follow hospital’s arrangements andâ rules. After cautious thought, my choice is to request that the doled out attendant call a doctor to ensure the mother and child are evaluated medicinally, they will get proper and vital consideration, and them two will be sheltered. In the interim, I will contact the minister to ensure patient’s parents’ values are regarded by the clinical consideration group. In the subsequent case, I need to recognize patient’s residential partner’s rights and each person’s enthusiastic state. At that point I need to consider how to play out my activity obligation dependably and my commitments to the patient, and patient’s wellbeing. The issue they have now is the way to guarantee access for same-sex partner’s patients on equivalent balance with hetero couples. Since the equivalent sex accomplice do have a few rights in this circumstance, for example, option to settle on choice for an oblivious relative. Since my patient, AT, is as yet oblivious and he can ’t settle on any choices for himself. Thus, my choice is to give YM access to his cherished one and treats him as family. I will likewise address my administrator about my choice. While using moral focal points, it will control me settle on a trustworthy choice. In the principal case, I utilized right/duties focal point and results focal point. The right/obligations focal point centers around obligations and commitments, and be morally worthy. The outcomes focal point centers around the obligations and what meets singular wants, which implies I need to consider how my activity will influence every individual. Consequently, I need to join all the investigation and my insight to settle on a dependable choice so as to fulfill each person’s moral wants. The subsequent case, I utilized relationship focal point and notoriety focal point. The relationship focal point centers around being reasonable. So as to be reasonable, I need to utilize my capacity fittingly and everyone’s rights as an individual. For example, I have to know the patient’s residential partner’s rights and what kind access I can provide for him. The notoriety focal point guides me center around the temperances of every individual. The rights/duties foc al point permit me to think about my obligation as a medical attendant and how to achieve my obligation. My patient and her baby’s wellbeing are my top need. Henceforth, I need to call the doctor and advise him that my patient needs clinical consideration. When utilizing the outcomes focal point, I have to consider how to make a fulfilled outcome to meet my patient and her family member’s needs and respect patient’s parents’ wishes also. Subsequently, I need to contact the pastor to comfort patient’s guardians so as to meet their otherworldly needs. The relationship focal point permit me to consider my patient and his local partner’s rights. Consequently, before I settle on a choice. I look atâ hospital’s strategy and rules. I need to ensure I give my patient’s accomplice his privileges to get to his cherished one while I am as yet actualizing medical clinic conventions. The notoriety focal point drives me to consider how to be a decent medical caretaker and how to give best mind to my patient. Likewise, I need to let my chief comprehend my choice and my standard as a worker and a medical attendant. As a home wellbeing medical caretaker, we meet patients who from nations and who has various convictions, and social foundations. I think when I have a moral clash, I need to evaluate the circumstance and accumulate information as opposed to making presumptions. After I gather information, I have to consider how the choice will affect every individual engaged with this case (right/duties focal point). As a medical caretaker, I additionally need to recall ANA Code of Ethics. I need to remind myself I have to References EthicsGame.com, LLC. (2007). The disturbed high schooler and strategies a legislative issues. Recovered from: http://www.ethicsgame.com References Guido, G. W. (2010). Lawful moral issues in nursing (fifth ed.). Upper Saddle River, NJ: Prentice Hall.

Mass Extinctions On The Earth Essays - Climate History,

Mass Extinctions On The Earth Mass Extinctions on the Earth Introduction: Sixty-5,000,000 years prior, some wonder activated mass annihilations on the terrains and in the seas so significant that they characterize the topographical limit between the more seasoned Mesozoic Era, frequently called the Age of Reptiles, and the advanced Cenozoic Era, the Age of Mammals. On a better scale, the annihilations characterize the limit between the Cretaceous (geographical image, K), and Tertiary (T) periods. This mass elimination is generally alluded to as the K-T terminations. The dinosaurs got terminated during the K-T mass eradication. To analyze how the K-T eliminations fit into a more extensive viewpoint, if you don't mind see the The reason for the K-T eradications is one of the extraordinary riddles in science, and numerous researchers have proposed hypotheses to represent it. Speculations length a huge range of causes including: ocean level change, supernova blasts, environmental change, without any end in sight. Starting during the 1980s, two new hypotheses turned into the subject of an extreme logical discussion. They are the K-T sway annihilation hypothesis began by the Nobelist physicist, Luis Alvarez, and his group, and the K-T Deccan Traps annihilation hypothesis, which, for short, is called spring of gushing lava nursery hypothesis. Subtleties of the Impact Theory In the mid-late 1970s, Luis Alvarez and his effect group started scanning for the reason for the K-T eliminations. His proof of effect was advancement of the synthetic, iridium, in a flimsy layer of earth a couple centimenters thick at the K-T limit. His unique hypothesis held that a goliath space rock struck earth 65 million years back, impacting such a great amount of residue into the environment that it shut out daylight, and plunged earth into the darkness and cold of an unexpected, brief length, sway winter. As indicated by Alvarez hypothesis, the worldwide power outage activated annihilations among the plant realm, and afterward among herbivores that relied on plants for food, and afterward among the carnivores that ate the herbivores. Those littler creatures that could cover up and sleep until the sun came out again should have sruvived and framed the creatures that there are today. There is other proof for this hypothesis : there is a layer of iridium found on the fossils which can be discovered everywhere throughout the world. this is significant becouse there is a great deal of iridium on space rocks while on earth it is just where it counts inside the pit. Subtleties of the Volcano Theory: Another less famous hypothesis to clarify the vanishing of the dinosaurs proposes that a drop in the oxygen levels in the lower environment prompted the progressive passing of a wide range of animal groups. Robert Barner and Gary Landis of the U.S. Topographical study verified that the air that the dinosaurs devoured contained half more oxygen than the air today. This can be the equivalent for us as attempting to inhale to a similar air found at the ocean level when contrasted with air at 3500 m. There was a great deal of volcanoe emissions simultaneously (and since they took up soo much air it was difficult for the dinosaurs to inhale , so they fianlly kicked the bucket. The proof is that the fossils found in the ground contain hints of ale hints of Oxygen. By what method would humans be able to stop this? Since humanity is a lot more brilliant than the reptiles clearly we can prevent these space rocks from crashing into the earth. The main inquiry is the secret. Presently we have atomic gadgets which can be put on these space rocks with the goal that they can detonate without a moment to spare before it's course is bound towards earth. Science

Origins Of Servqual Model - Free Essay Example

In chapter 1, an overview of the whole dissertation has been provided. It can be considered as a backbone of the dissertation with the clear objectives and purposes stated. As an illustration, the chapter has mentioned about the overview of Vietnam banking system as well as credit services in Vietnamese bank in general and BIDV in particular. Moreover, chapter 1 has also presented about the significance of this study, research scope, research purpose, the research questions, research hypotheses. Moving to chapter 2 of this dissertation, SERVQUAL Model measuring the customer satisfaction and its theories and concepts will be discussed. Moreover, some literature reviews of critical factors determining customer satisfaction in different industries, customer satisfaction on variety of banking services and credit facilities in Vietnam as well as other countries will be mentioned. Lastly, the limitations of previous researches will be concluded. 2.2 SERVQUAL Model 2.2.1 Origins of SERVQUAL Model Managers in banking industry are under increasing pressure to demonstrate that their services are customer à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â‚¬Å" focused and that continuous performance improvement is being delivered. Given the financial and resources constrains under which banks must manage it is essential that customer satisfaction are properly met and measured and that from the customer satisfactions, any gaps in services quality are indentified. This information the assists a manager in identified cost à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â‚¬Å" effective ways of closing services quality gaps and of prioritizing which gaps to focus on a critical decision given scare resources. SERVQUAL Model which is a popular model of quality research of services and the most common application in the marketing research as well as other industries such as hospitality and economy. It can be said that the origin of SERVQUAL Model is derived from the study of Parasuraman, ZeithamI, and Berry in 1985 based on expectation à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â‚¬Å" perception gap model. In 1985 work, Parasuraman, ZeithamI, and Berry illustrated that consumers quality perceptions are influenced by a series of four distinct gaps occurring in organizations. These gaps on the service providers side, which can impede delivery of services that consumers perceive to be of high quality, are: Gap1: Difference between consumer expectations and management perceptions of consumer expectations. Gap2: Difference between management perceptions of consumer expectations and service quality specifications. Gap3: Difference between service quality specifications and the service actually delivered. Gap4: Difference between service delivery and what is communicated about the service to consumers. Gap5: Difference between service expectation and perceived service quality According to Parasuraman, ZeithamI, and Berry (1985), perceived service quality is defined in the model as the difference between consumer expectations and perceptions, which in turn depends on the size and direction of the four gaps associated with the delivery of service quality on the marketers side. In addition, Brown and Bond (1995) stated that the conceptual of service quality also called the expectation à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â‚¬Å" perception gap model is one of the best received and most heuristically valuable contributions to the services literature. The model identifies the keys discrepancies or gaps relating to managerial perceptions of service quality, and tasks associated with service delivery to customers. The Gap 1, Gap 2, Gap 3 and Gap 4 are identified as functions of the way in which service is delivered, whereas Gap 5 pertains to the customer and as such is considered to be the true measure of service quality (Shahin A., 2006). 2.2.2 Dimensions of SERVQUAL Model As Shahin A.( 2006) concluded that one service quality measurement model that has been extensively applied is the SERVQUAL model developed by Parasuraman et al . (1985, 1986, 1988, 1991, 1993, 1994; Zeithaml et al. , 1990). SERVQUAL as the most often used approach for measuring service quality has been to compare customers expectations before a service encounter and their perceptions of the actual service delivered (Gronroos, 1982; Lewis and Booms, 1983; Parasuraman et al., 1985). The SERVQUAL Model is derived from the study of Parasuraman, ZeithamI, and Berry in 1985 and originally 10 dimensions of service quality were reliability, responsiveness, competence, access, courtesy, communication, credibility, security, understanding/knowing the customer, tangibles. Later, ZeithamI, Berry and Parasuraman, 1988 tested the variables and reduced them to five factors including tangibles, reliability, responsiveness, assurance (combining communication, credibility, security, competence and courtesy) and empathy (combining understanding and knowing the customer with accessibility (Saleh, F. and Ryan, C., 1991). Figure 2.1 SERVQUAL MODEL Reliability Responsiveness Customer satisfaction Services quality Tangibles Assurance Sympathy Ravichandran et al, 2010 Reliability Reliability shows the ability to provide services accurately, on time, and credibly (Parasuman, Zeithaml and Berry, 1985). This requires consistency in the implementation of services and respects commitments as well as keeps promises to customers. Responsiveness This criterion measures the ability to solve the problem fast, deal with customersà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢ complaint effectively and the willing to help customers as well as meet the customersà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢ requirements (Parasuman, 1988). In other words, responsiveness is the feedback from banks to what customers want. Tangibles Tangibles are the images of the facilities, equipment, machines, attitude of staffs, materials, manuals, and information systems of the bank (Parasuman, Zeithaml and Berry, 1985). In others words, the tangibles refer to the effect of physical facility, equipment, personnel and communication materials on customer (Sureshchandar, Rajendran and Kamalanabhan, 2001). The atmosphere also called servicescapes influences directly both employees and customers in physiological, psychological, sociological, cognitive and emotional ways (Sureshchandar, 2001). Assurance This element creates credibility and trust for customers, which is considered through professional services, excellent technical knowledge, attitude courtesy, and good communication skills, so that customers can believe in the quality of firmà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s services. Sympathy Sympathy is the caring, consideration, and the best preparation for customers, so that they can feel as à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“guestsà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬? of the firm and are always welcome at any times, anywhere. Human factors are the core of this success and the more caring the bank gives to customers, the more customer understanding increases. 2.2.3 Applications of SERVQUAL Model There is no doubt that a firm wants to survive in a competitive environment, they have to ensure about the quality of products and services they are supplying to the market. Some firms provide only services therefore the quality of services is an important issue for all of these firms. Competing goods firms such as department stores, supermarket may sell a wide range of products and quality of services is a primary means of competitive differentiation. Firms that supply only services like telecommunication companies, airlines etc. have a little to offer if their quality is not good (Berry, 1986). It can be said that SERVQUAL is multiple à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â‚¬Å" item scale with good reliability and validity that help firms to have better understanding evaluation the services expectations and perception of customer and improve the services as well. Parasuraman et al. (1988) claimed that à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“SERVQUAL provides a basic skeleton through its expectations/ perceptions format encompassing statements for each of the five service quality dimensions. The skeleton, when necessary, can be adapted or supplemented to fit the characteristics or specific research needs of a particular organizationà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬?. SERVQUAL shows its best valuation when it is used to track service quality trends as well as in combination with other forms of service quality measurement. Moreover, SERVQUAL is used to evaluate the firmà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s quality according to the five services dimensions by averaging the difference scores on items making up the dimensions (Parasuraman et al.,1985). Similarly, an overall measure of service quality in the form of an average score across all five dimensions. Determining the relative importance of the five dimensions affecting customersà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢ overall quality perception is one potential application of SERVQUAL. Another application of SERVQUAL is used in categorizing a firmà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s customers into several perceived quality segments on the basis of their individual SERVQUAL scores (Parasuraman et al.,1988). 2.3 Theories and concepts of SERVQUAL Model 2.3.1 Definition 2.3.1.1 Service quality Service quality is a concept that has aroused considerable interest and debate in the research literature because of the difficulties in both defining it and measuring it with no overall consensus emerging on either (Wisniewski, 2001). Besides, there are many different definitions of what is meant by service quality. The most common definition used to define service quality is the extent to which a service meets customersà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢ needs or expectations (Lewis and Mitchell, 1990; Dotchin and Oakland, 1994; Asubonteng et al ., 1996; Wisniewski and Donnelly, 1996). Service quality can also be defined as the difference between customer expectations of service and perceived service. If expectations are greater than performance, then perceived quality is less than satisfactory and the result is customer dissatisfaction (Parasuraman et al ., 1985; Lewis and Mitchell, 1990). 2.3.1.2 Customer Satisfaction There are several definitions of customer satisfactions that come from the different point of views of researchers on customer satisfaction. For example, in opinion of Oliver (1981) à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“Satisfaction is a psychological state resulting when the emotion surrounding disconfirmed expectations is coupled with the consumers prior feelings about the consumption experienceà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬?. While Kotler (2000) defined satisfaction as: à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“a personà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s feelings of pleasure or disappointment resulting from comparing a productà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s perceived performance (or outcome) in relation to his or her expectationsà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬?. Hoyer and MacInnis (2001) said that satisfaction can be associated with feelings of acceptance, happiness, relief, excitement, and delight. While Hansemark and Albinsson (2004) stated à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“satisfaction is an overall customer attitude towards a service provider, or an emotional reaction to the difference between what customer s anticipate and what they receive, regarding the fulfillment of some need, goal or desireà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬?. 2.3.2 Service Quality Realizing the growing importance of services quality to compete on the service dimensions of the augmented product, several scholars have examined the problems of measuring and managing service quality (Baumann, Burton, Elliott and Kehr, 2007; Bitner, Booms and Tetreault, 1990; Boulding, Kalra, Staelin and Zeithaml, 1993; Gilbert and Veloutsou, 2006; Parasuraman, Berry and Zeithaml, 1985, 1988, 1990, 1991, 1993; Robledo, 2001). However, service quality is more difficult to measure than goods quality (Gronroos, 1982) due to the intangibility of services. For this reason, firms actually find it more difficult to understand how customers perceive services and evaluate service quality (Zeithaml, 1981). According to Lewis and Booms (1983) service quality is a measure of how well the service level delivered matches customer expectations. Delivering quality service means conforming to customer expectations on a consistent basis. Parasuraman et al. (1985, 1988) also shared the opinion with Lewis and Booms (1983) by the statement: à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“Service quality perceptions result from a comparison of consumer expectations with actual service performanceà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬?. To demonstrate the above statement, Parasuraman et al (1985, 1988) proposed the SERVQUAL scale for measuring the service quality. Cronin et al. (1992) summarized four different measurement models for service quality these are SERVQUAL, SERVPERF, Weighted SERVQUAL, and Weighted SEVPERF. However, SERVPERF was regarded as the best of four models. Furthermore, Martilla et al. (1977) conducted the Importance à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â‚¬Å" Performance Analysis which was considered as another measurement for service quality. 2.3.3 Customer Satisfaction Customer satisfaction is generally considered among the most important long term objectives of firms. The marketing concept suggests that a satisfied customer will be more likely to repurchase products or use the services again than those are dissatisfied (Al à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â‚¬Å" Wugayan et al., 2007). Al à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â‚¬Å" Wugayan et al, (2007) also concluded that it is generally accepted that satisfaction is a psychological state that results from consumer experiences after consumption. Additionally, the basic conceptualizations focus on either or both of two aspects: the customersà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢ initial expectations in relation to product attributes and the customersà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢ perceptions of the product performance in relation to these expectations. There are many different factors influencing customer satisfaction these are friendly employees, courteous employees, knowledgeable employees, helpful employees, accuracy of billing, billing timeliness, competitive pricing, service quality, good value, billing clarity and quick services (Hokanson, 1995). In order to gain the customer satisfaction, first of all firms have to understand and satisfy their customer needs and wants (La Barbera and Mazursky, 1983). According to Kotler (2000) customersà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢ needs illustrate the felt deprivation of a customer. Meanwhile customersà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢ wants refer to the form taken by human needs as they are shaped by culture and individual personality. Singh, H. (2006) indicated that customer satisfaction affect positively and directly to an organizationà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s profitability. Hoyer and MacInnis (2001) claimed that satisfied customers form the foundation of any successful business as customer satisfaction leads to repeat purchase, brand loyalty, and positive word of mouth. To some extents, the consequences of a lack of customer satisfaction need to be taken into account. According to Hoyer and MacInnis (2001), dissatisfied consumers can decide to discontinue purchasing the good or service; complain to the company or to a third party and perhaps return the item, or engage in negative word à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â‚¬Å" of à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â‚¬Å" mouth communication. From summarizing a numerous previous researches about satisfied customer and dissatisfied ones, La Barbera and Mazursky (1983) made a conclusion that à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“satisfaction influences repurchase intentions whereas dissatisfaction has been seen as a primary reason for cus tomer defection or discontinuation of purchaseà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬?. Moreover, customer satisfaction affects positively and directly customer loyalty as well as customer retention. According to Sivadas and Baker-Prewitt (2000), there is an increasing recognition that the ultimate objective of customer satisfaction measurement should be customer loyalty. It can be denied that high customer satisfaction will result in increased loyalty for the firm and that customers will be less prone to overtures from competition (Fornell, 1992). Anton (1996) also shared his opinion with statement: à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“satisfaction is positively associated with repurchase intentions, likelihood of recommending a product or service, loyalty and profitabilityà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬?. Clearly, customer loyalty brings customer retention to repurchase or use the products and services the firms supply. In addition, long-term customer retention in competitive markets requires the business to go beyond mere basic satisfaction and to look for ways of establishing ties of loyalty that will help ward off competitor attack (Clare, 2001). 2.3.4 Relationship between Service Quality and Customer Satisfaction Customer satisfaction is often defined as the customersà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢ post-purchase comparison between pre-purchase expectation and performance received (Oliver, 1980; Zeithaml et al., 1993). The relationship between service quality and customer satisfaction has been discussed in numerous previous papers during the past decade. First of all, many researchers present that service quality has positive related relationship with customer satisfaction. In other words, service quality influence customer satisfaction and vice versa customer satisfaction influence quality (Jun and Cai, 2010). There is no doubt that in the worldà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s today intensive competition, once a business wants to survive, they have to improve the service quality that helps them to achieve a different advantage over their rivalries. Service quality, therefore has become one of the critical factors for satisfying and retaining valued customers in every industries and banking is not an exception. Many scholars indicate that high service quality results in customer satisfaction and loyalty with the product or service. A satisfied customer will have the willingness to recommend someone else, reduction in complaints and the bank can achieve the customer retention. Furthermore, a satisfied customer is likely to be a loyal customer who will give repeating business to the firm (Heskett et al., 1997). More importantly, according to Bedi (2010), the cost of retaining existing customer by improving the quality of product and services is perceived to be significantly lower than the cost of achieving the new customers. On the other hand, when regarding the relationship between service quality and customer satisfaction in some industries as banking, some scholars point out that service quality is not related to customer satisfaction under certain circumstances. For example, through numerous studies, Parasuraman et al. (1985) indicated that even though customers were satisfied with a particular service, they did not think that it was of high quality. Another scholar also agrees with this idea, Storbacka et al. (1994, pp. 24) stated that: à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“A customer could, therefore, respond on a questionnaire that a particular bank is of high quality, even if this did not mean this customer was satisfied with using the bank. Its interest rates on loans may be too high or it might not fit the customerà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s preferences for some other reasonà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬?. 2.4 Previous research 2.4.1 Critical summaries of previous research a. Title: Lending Policies of Informal, Formal and Semiformal Lenders à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â‚¬Å" Evidence from Vietnam Authors: Thi Thu Tra Pham and Robert Lensink (2007) Country: Vietnam Data collection: the data used in this study are from a household survey on living standard in Vietnam that conducted by Vietnamà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s General Statistical Office in 1998 with the sample of 6,002 households. Summary: This paper aims to compare lending policies of formal, informal and semiformal lenders towards household lending in Vietnam. The study points out that the probability of using formal or semi formal credit increase when borrowers provide collateral, a guarantor and/or borrow for business-related activities. The probability of using informal credit increases for female borrowers. Formal loan contract terms such as loan interest rate and form of loan repayment affect strongly default risk of formal credit. While internal characteristics of the borrowing household influent much on default risk of informal credit. Lastly, this paper aims to explore how different types of lenders try to avoid adverse selection as well as moral hazard by screening, monitoring and enforcement instruments. b. Title: Formal and Informal Rural Credit in Four Provinces of Vietnam Authors: Mikkel Barslund and Finn Tarp (2008) Country: Vietnam Data collection: A survey of 932 rural households (in four provinces of Long An, Quang Nam, Ha Tay and Phu Tho) in combination with information from the 2002 Vietnam Household Living Standard Survey. Summary: This paper aims to indicate how the rural credit market operates in Vietnam. Households can obtain the credit provided by both formal and informal lenders. Normally, formal loans are used for production and asset accumulation, whereas informal loans are supplied for consumption smoothening. The determinants of formal and informal credit demand are extremely different. While credit rationing depends on education and credit history, in particular, regional differences in the demand for credit are striking. The study indicates that credit policy in Vietnam only has one size fits all approach would be inappropriate. c. Title: Research on Customer Satisfaction: Take the Loan Market of the Taiwanese Region as An Example. Authors: Chih-Chung Chen, Su-Chao Chang (2006) Country: Taiwan Data collection: In this study, 650 questionnaires were distributed of which 413 valid questionnaires returned. Moreover, this research also conducted interviews five native branch office managers. Summary: This study aims to examine the feasibility of employing customer satisfaction model in the loan departments of banks. The research presents that once customer expectations are significantly as well as positively related to the bankà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s performance, customer satisfaction and loyalty will be high and the complaints will be few as the result. d. Title: Credit and Non à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â‚¬Å" Interest Rate Determinants of Loan Demand: a Spanish Case Study Authors: Manrique, J. and Ojah, K. (2004) Country: Spain Data collection: This survey contains data for 21,155 Spanish households. 430 observations were excluded due to missing and/or inconsistent information, leaving a final sample of 20,725 observations. Summary: This research aims to investigate the potential relationship between the condition of being credit à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â‚¬Å" unconstrained and holdings loans as well as the determinants for a household being credit à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â‚¬Å" unconstrained, consumer loans and real à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â‚¬Å" estate loans. Spanish householdsà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢ desire and capacity to hold loans depends on the family size, education, permanent and transitory incomes. Lastly, this research provides deeply insights that attract credit consumers, credit suppliers, and policy makers in Spain. e. Title: Consumer Credit and Money Policy in Malaysia Authors: Kassim, Salina Hj and Manap, Turkhan Ali Abul (2008) Country: Malaysia Data collection: The study uses monthly data from January 1998 until March 2006. Data such as interest rates and bank loans come from Bank Negara Malaysiaà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s Monthly Statistical Bulletin. Data on the economic conditions such as the CPI and the IPI are gathered from the respective publications of the Department of Statistics, Malaysia. Summary: The study aims to find out the consequences of interest rate on consumer credit in Malaysia based on empirical investigation. The authors categorized aggregate consumer loans into specific types including loans for purchase of residential property, loans for credit cards, loans for personal needs, loans for purchase of securities and so on, so forth. Through categorizing types of loans, the paper aims to present the relative sensitivity of each loan to interest rate shocks. f. Title: Credit demand of Rural Enterprise and Loan Supply in China Authors: Du Zhixiong (2004) Country: China Data collection: The two databases were collected during two fields of rural enterprises, undertaken in 2000 and 2001 in different provinces, namely, Jiangsu province in coastal China, and Anhui province in the central part of China. Summary: This study aims to supply the information about the real situation of rural enterprises financing. Moreover, this paper also illustrates information on the banking systemà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s restructuring and the ways banks provide credit for rural enterprises to overcome the financing constraints. Undoubtedly, the article shows useful information on financing of rural enterprises based on using data from two surveys of rural enterprises. g. Title: Deteriorating Bank Health and Lending in Japan: Evidence from Unlisted Companies under Financial Distress Authors: Fukuda, Shin-Ichi, Kasuya, Munehisa, and Nakajima, Jouchi (2006) Country: Japan Data collection: The data are taken from Tokyo Shoko Research (TSR) Database Service about 3644 Japanese unlisted firms. Summary: This study aims to investigate the impacts of banksà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢ weakened financial conditions on loans outstanding to medium size firms in Japan. The paper examines the determinants of lending to unlisted Japanese companies in the late 1990s and the early 2000s. Moreover, the study indicates that the bank health, regulatory capital adequacy ratios and ratios of non-performing loans had opposite impacts on lending. In the case of regulatory capital adequacy ratios, its deterioration had a perverse impact on the bankà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s lending. h. Title: An Investigation of the Relationships among Consumer Satisfaction, Loyalty, and Market Share in Kuwaiti loan services Authors: Al-Wugaya, A., Pleshko, L.P., and Baqer, S.M. (2007) Country: Kuwaiti Data collection: the paper used the survey of nearly 700 customers using Kuwaiti loan services. Summary: This research aims to investigate the relationship among customer satisfaction, loyalty, and market share of loan services in Kuwaiti. Based on the research result, the authors indicate that the relationship between customer satisfaction and market share is not supported in banking industry. However, customer loyalty is pointed out to be related to market shares. Moreover, customer loyalty is not derived from customer satisfaction but rather on other factors like price, special deals or bank à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â‚¬Å" customer relationship. i. Title: Provisioning of Rural Credit: an Indian Perspective Authors: Mishra, S., Mohanty, A.R., and Choudhury, S. (2009) Country: India Data collection: the survey covering 90,000 rural households in 6,552 villages in India was conducted from January to December 2003 by the National Sample Survey Organization. Summary: The paper aims to analysis rural credit provisioning measures as well as the rural credit delivery scenario in India through different rural financial institution. The study indicates that rural credit delivery still has been suffered from low levels of access to credit by the farming community, declining share of agricultural loan as a share of the total credit uptake, inadequate coverage of small and marginal farmers and exclusion of tenant farmers and share croppers. j. Title: The Incidence of Loan Collateralization in Small Business Lending Contract: Evidence from the UK. Authors: Cowling, M. (1999) Country: the UK Data collection: the data were used as random samples of 272 small businesses from a survey conducted by Association of British Chambers of Commerce. Summary: The paper aims to investigate the relationship between small firms and banks focusing on the incidence of loan collateralization. The study indicates that age of the small firms and close relationship with the banks that helps to reduce the incidence of loan collateralization, which implies that relationship banking can bring tangible benefits to small businesses. 2.4.2 Limitations of previous research General speaking, everything has its own advantages and disadvantages. There is no doubt that previous research has provided readers comprehensive knowledge about sectors it mentioned especially in customer satisfaction as well as credit facilities provided in different countries in general and in Vietnam in particular. However, the previous papers also show their limitations as there were a few studies specializing in credit facilities provided by Vietnamese banks. Further the real situation of credit services in Vietnam including outstanding loans, loan structures well as the quality of credit facilities has not been comprehensively researched. Accordingly, the customer satisfaction on credit facilities was not paid much attention by previous scholars. Therefore it can be said that the previous studies do not provide adequate information about customer satisfaction on credit facilities in Vietnamese banks. 2.5 Criticism of SERVQUAL Model It can be denied that although SERVQUAL has grown popularly and widespread applied it still has been subjected to a number of theoretical and operational criticisms as below. Under theoretical aspects, first of all SERVQUAL is criticized due to its inappropriate base on an expectations disconfirmation model rather than an attitudinal model of service quality. Secondly, it does not build on extant knowledge in economics, statistics and psychology (Francis Buttle (1996). Cronin and Taylor (1992; 1994) said that SERVQUAL is paradigmatically flawed because of its ill-judged adoption of this disconfirmation model. Moreover, they stated that perceived quality is best conceptualized as an attitude. They criticized Parasuraman et al. for their hesitancy to define perceived service quality in attitudinal terms, even though Parasuraman et al. (1988) had earlier claimed that service quality was similar in many ways to an attitude. Another criticism has been proposed by Anderson (1992), he indicated that SERVQUAL fails to draw on previous social science research, particularly economic theory, statistics, and psychological theory. Parasuraman et al.à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s work is highly inductive in that it moves from historically situated observation to general theory. Andersson (1992) reckoned that Parasuraman et al. renounces the principle of scientific continuity and deduction. For theoretical aspects, Francis Buttle (1996) also presented a related set of criticism of SERVQUAL including factors involved in Gaps model, process orientation and dimensionality. In Gaps model, there is little evidence shows that the customer assess quality in terms of Perception à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â‚¬Å" Expectation gaps. For process orientation: SERVQUAL has been criticized for concentrating on the process of service delivery rather than focusing on the outcomes of the service encounter such as technical dimensions (Kang and James, 2004). In other words, the SERVQUAL measurement does not adequately explain a technical attribute of service (Ravichandran K., et al, 2010). Dimensionality: SERVQUALà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s five dimensions are not universals; the number of dimensions comprising service quality is contextualized; items do not always load on to the factors which one would a priori expect; and there is a positive inter correlation between the five RATER dimensions (Buttle ,1996). Under operational aspects, many scholars have argued that the components of SERVQUAL fail to fully evaluate customer perception on service quality in certain industries (Cronin Taylor, 1992; Finn and Lamb, 1991). Two attributes of service was proposed by Gronroos (1984) which have been identified as dimensions of service quality relied on the conceptualization of service quality as between expectation of service and perceived service. Rust and Oliver (1994) extended Grunionsà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢ model by providing a three-component model explaining service quality through service product, service delivery and service environment. Whereas Brady and Cronin (2001) suggested three service quality dimensions including service outcome, consumer-employee interaction and service environment. It can be said that the conceptualization of service product/service outcome and service delivery/consumer employee interaction is consistent with the idea of technical attribute as well as functional att ribute derived from Gronroosà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢ model. (Ravichandran K., et al, 2010). 2.5 Chapter Summary To conclude, first of all SERVQUAL Model measuring the customer satisfaction as well as its theories and concepts have been presented. After that this chapter has reviewed many academic previous researches about critical factors determining customer satisfaction in different industries, customer satisfaction on variety of banking services and credit facilities in Vietnam and other countries have been mentioned. However, these previous researches cannot illustrate perfectly all aspects related to this dissertation therefore the limitations of previous researches have been summarized.

Age Discrimination Is A Completely Unlawful Type Of...

Age discrimination is a completely unlawful type of discrimination. Due to median age of twenty six in India, it is one of youngest nation in the world. Most managers are hesitant when it comes to hire young blood for their company because in their mind sets it is obvious that this new generation is completely different from them and they will not obey them or follow them blindly. With a constant increase in population, we are seeing high numbers of young people coming out of colleges to enter in their respective field. These young lads are not only well educated but they are also sophisticated, independent, aware of technology and have a limited sense of loyalty for their employers. There are many Indian companies who are aware of this situation, for example; Infosys has a strategic vision for its young employees. They hire young talent on constant basis by selecting them through an entry test which is designed to test the skill sets of each individual. If we have few more companie s like this in India then it is assured that discrimination will end soon in Indian workspaces (IdeasMakeMarket.com, 2013). Discrimination based on Caste: From last few years, Indian government has introduced few reserved seats strictly for backward castes. But till now these suggestions are met with stiff resistance from other multinational companies. Overall figures of employment from these backward castes are very low across India but some companies like TCS are now showing some changes in theShow MoreRelatedDiscrimination Against Gays and Lesbians in the Workplace924 Words   |  4 Pagesmaterial objects passed from one generation to the next. The specific topic I proposed to investigate is discrimination of homosexuals in the workplace. This topic is particularly interesting to me because I am an advocate of equality for all. I believe that no matter your race, age, sex, or sexual orientation you should be treated fairly. 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Parenting Children With Attention Deficit Disorder Essay Example For Students

Parenting Children With Attention Deficit Disorder Essay Wendy Martin Prof. Eileen Roth Psychology 11 Child Psychology Attention Deficit Disorder (ADD) and Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) is a disorder that is usually first evident in childhood and can affect the individual into adulthood. At one time it was thought to be only a behavior problem, later t was redefined in the 50s as minimal brain dysfunction, before it finally metamorphosed into todays ADD and ADHD. ADD is a neurobehavioral disorder and is characterized in the DSM IV as inattention, hyperactivity, and impassivity that is prese before the age of seven and which causes impairment with social, academic or occupational functioning. The problems that children with ADD/HD go through affect many aspects of a childs life. The usual developmental tasks can become extremely diffi lt for these children, and especially frustrating for the parents. The main areas that are affected in the lives of attention different children are those of self-esteem, social relationships, their academic skills, and most importantly their family r ationships namely those between the parent and ADD/HD child. If a child is able to be diagnosed early in life, the parent is at an advantage over one who has no idea that their child has this disorder. Parent training can be one of the most import t and effective interventions for a child with ADD. In the aforementioned difficult areas where ADD can cause the most problems to be prepared as a parent for the situations that their children and they themselves as parents face can be lessened and ca even be turned into productive learning tools. CompuServe, on the World Wide Web has a forum that is specifically dedicated to Attention Deficit Disorder and Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder. It is one of the best resources for individuals with ADD/HD, children, parents and therapists. One rticle, was written by Pamela Darr Wright, a licensed social worker specializing in child development in children with learning and attention disorders. In her article she explained each stage of child development and how kids with ADD experience these tages with much greater difficulty and cause a lot of strain on the parent/caregiver-child relationship. She began with the infant stage of development where some of the most critical developmental tasks occur. These are the tasks of calming themselve how to use the senses to learn about the world, and develop trust with the parent/caregiver. Infants that may later be diagnosed with ADD/HD are often labeled as colicky, hyper-excitable, irritable, or unsoothable. They are very active, easi distracted, and over-reactive to stimuli. The parents of these infants often respond to a difficult baby with confusion and alarm. The interaction between nurturing parent(s) and child is critical. When parents cannot cope with their baby, they ually assume it is their own fault as failing parents which begins a relationship laden with guilt that can continue on through the entire relationship with their child. The second psychosocial developmental stage which occurs in the Toddler years, is that of separation. The period wherein the child develops the ability to hold a mental image of the parent in his mind. As the child accomplishes the task of separating, strong sense of autonomy and confidence develops. It is during this stage also where the toddler develops ideas and concepts and is learning to accept limits and to tolerate frustration and to recover from disappointments. Wright explains that these evelopmental tasks can present significant problems for toddlers with ADD/HD. Typically, these youngsters have difficulty tolerating frustration and may be emotionally over-reactive. Parents describe them as all-or-nothing children who have difficul calming themselves. They tend to fall apart easily, dissolving into tears of frustration when needs and wants are not met immediately. .u8826205979893258a57123899ff31f9a , .u8826205979893258a57123899ff31f9a .postImageUrl , .u8826205979893258a57123899ff31f9a .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .u8826205979893258a57123899ff31f9a , .u8826205979893258a57123899ff31f9a:hover , .u8826205979893258a57123899ff31f9a:visited , .u8826205979893258a57123899ff31f9a:active { border:0!important; } .u8826205979893258a57123899ff31f9a .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .u8826205979893258a57123899ff31f9a { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .u8826205979893258a57123899ff31f9a:active , .u8826205979893258a57123899ff31f9a:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .u8826205979893258a57123899ff31f9a .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .u8826205979893258a57123899ff31f9a .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .u8826205979893258a57123899ff31f9a .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .u8826205979893258a57123899ff31f9a .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .u8826205979893258a57123899ff31f9a:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .u8826205979893258a57123899ff31f9a .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .u8826205979893258a57123899ff31f9a .u8826205979893258a57123899ff31f9a-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .u8826205979893258a57123899ff31f9a:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: The Role of Propaganda in the Nazi Takeover Essay One of they most important things that a parent can do for their ADD/HD child is to be consistent. When children h e predictable consequences to their behavior it helps them to learn more quickly. For example, a child with ADD who wants a toy while shopping with his mother may immediately begin to throw a tantrum when she refuses to comply to her toddlers wishes. n order to discourage further behavior there are many behavioral methods which one can use to form a discipline strategy. Most parenting classes talk about how to discipline your child. .

How to Use ICSE Essay Samples to Build Up Your Writing Portfolio

How to Use ICSE Essay Samples to Build Up Your Writing PortfolioThere are many ICSE essay samples on the internet which will help you develop your own essay on topics relating to subjects that are of interest to you. This essay is normally to be used for examination in written exams, but as it can be used for other purposes, you can learn a lot from the sample essays that you will come across. One way of learning from them is to build up a good writing portfolio in the form of a collection of essays that you have written.Each of these essays can be used to teach you how to use a number of different writing techniques, and also help you to develop your own sentences. When you write from experience, rather than by reading on someone else's papers, you will find that the composition improves. You will also find that you do not have to rely on others to come up with ideas for your own essay. You will develop your own.This means that, when you come across an essay, you will know exactly w hat to say in it. In fact, you may find that it has already been said. Writing a summary of an essay is another technique that you can use to polish your own writing. The summary will then be used to build up a portfolio of essays, and also used to pass on to others.For example, if you were taking an essay to school, you could use the examples that you have read from ICSE essay samples to give your reader a better idea of what they can expect. You could also use the summary to introduce them to what the essay is all about. It would be useful to offer a summary of your essay too, before you begin writing.If you were asked to write a review of a whole course, rather than a summary, you would be able to look back over the entire collection of essays to give the necessary background to the points that you were making. So ifa teacher asked you to write a general report of a whole course, you could use the same examples. The examples would then serve as the basis for the sections of the r eport.This type of writing is an important part of what most people call a craft. A good writer uses each of the techniques to build up the next, and therefore the task becomes much easier. The difficulty lies in the first step.You could take some of the ICSE essay samples and actually use them to practice with. You could start with an example and see if it feels right to you. You could also ask others to provide you with examples that you could use. If you do this, you will be sure to improve your own skills at writing.As you improve, you will find that you will be able to produce better written essays and can also pass on the work that you produce to others. This is why there are so many ICSE essay samples available on the internet. They can help you polish your own writing and will help you to pass on your own work to others, and even the world.

Who is Talking About Short Essays and Why You Should Be Worried

Who is Talking About Short Essays and Why You Should Be Worried The War Against Short Essays If it's difficult that you learn all on your own, then receive a tutor. Essay writing on the internet is a type of service provided by many internet writing businesses. The sort of essay in which you aim at persuading the reader to adopt your standpoint. There are lots of guidelines, books and sources on the web to learn about the specifics of each sort. No doubt such printed elements work very fast and effectively to acquire more repo for virtually any organization and product. Our papers are almost always authentic and absolutely free of any plagiarism. The History of Short Essays Refuted Stickers of any kind have immense advertising and marketing influence on the product sales. With a printed product label of custom sticker you may have a more appealing and valuable product on the market, you can present your services in the most efficient manner simply because of printed banners. More over you can tell your goods detail by means of your customized bumper stickers printing. One of the quickest marketing tools, stickers take a considerable spot for product advertisement, especially bumper stickers and vinyl stickers are extremely effective to spread your merchandise message among the folks. The Most Popular Short Essays L ibraries would have good selection of grammar books which you can check. Students will acquire real-time feedback each week in short workshop sessions (sometimes in smaller groups). Literature students read a good deal. A reflective essay has to be based on factual stories that could easily complement your writing abilities to guarantee successful outcomes. You should teach the students using brief and long sentence to keep the balance in educational writings. Be certain you're employing the most suitable transition words for what you mean. There are special words and word combination utilized for analytical purposes which ought to be learned also. The high schools also help provide their school's academic profile to supply context on the best way to review the students from the school. Academic writing skills are itself a troublesome talent to build, and thesis needs a high amount of academic writing abilities. Writing a letter to school absence If you're in search of reliable absence writing company we'll be happy to have a whole school to show our words. You have to make your students in a position to talk about their views and ideas. There are a lot of varieties of essays, it isn't difficult to eliminate an eye on all your writing assignments. They have no official status, and do not speak for the Wikipedia community as they may be created without approval. The essays are an essential feature of your application and are made to inspire thoughtful reflection. Pre-written essays don't always solve all the academic difficulties. There are about 2,000 essays on a wide variety of Wikipedia related topics. Two major questions that have been answered only recently. Instead, you're going to be assigned numerous scientific reports and assignments in front of a thesis is provided to you. Topics can change depending on your majors. Short Essays for Dummies To put it differently, you want to attempt to comprehend where they're coming from. You should observe a reaction of some kind in a quick time. Determine how long you've got to answer each question and adhere to it. Some brief answer questions have several components, so make sure you confirm you have fully answered all sections of the question.